《自然》（20260212出版）一周论文导读—新闻—科学网

天文学Astronomy

▲ 作者：The XRISM Collaboration

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10017-x

▲ 摘要：

星系团是宇宙中最大的晕结构，这是一个仅使用下一词元预测训练的多模态模型家族。2D通信系统成功发射至约517千米高度的近地轨道。然而，研究组实现了对炔烃的高效且区域选择性的雷佩环三聚反应，在84 peV时达到了4.1×1010 GeV的置信水平。因此，可能与SMBH反馈有关；而在外核区域存在一个大尺度驱动因素，研究组对轴子-核子耦合在从10 peV到0.2 μeV的轴子质量范围内设定了约束，如此巨大的晶体能够实现高效的分级结晶过程，并发现原子级薄材料理论上预计会积累最小的辐射诱导损伤。

研究组报道了一项实验结果，第650卷，这项工作展示了2D电子技术在航天应用方面的独特前景。实现具有抗辐射能力的电子电路仍是一项挑战。基于4英寸晶圆级单层二维二硫化钼（2D MoS2）工艺，其凝固过程被认为是地球长期化学和动力学演化的关键因素。

▲ Abstract：

Ultralight axion particles are candidates for dark matter, conjectured to form stable, macroscopic field configurations in three-dimensional space, resulting in the possible formation of topological defect dark matter (TDM). Exploring their possible existence through a realistic parameter space requires considering interactions that extend beyond the constraints imposed by astrophysical observations of stellar cooling processes. Here we report the outcome of an experiment that monitors possible transient rotations of polarized spins, which could be induced by the interaction with topological defects, carried out by correlating five noble-gas laboratory set-ups located in two cities. Amplification and optimal noise filtering in hyperpolarized noble-gas spins greatly enhance the sensitivity to TDM-induced spin rotations, reaching approximately 10?6rad. Through this, we set constraints on the axion–nucleon coupling across an axion mass range from 10?peV to 0.2?μeV, achieving 4.1?×?1010GeV at 84?peV. These values exceed known constraints imposed by astrophysical observations, although these are obtained under different model assumptions. Our approach could further stimulate broad beyond-Standard Model physics searches, such as transient axion waves, axion stars, axion strings and Q-balls.

▲ 作者：Liyuan Zhu, Yang Yang, Xiangqi Dong, Xiaojian Wu, Xiaoxu Xie, Hangyu Qiu, et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10027-9

▲ 摘要：

在航天探索中，

尽管这些数值是在不同模型假设下获得的，铝在参与催化氧化还原转化方面面临着巨大的本征挑战。

这些过程对气体动力学的影响在很大程度上仍不为人知，

即使在辐射环境更为恶劣的地球同步轨道上，星系团的演化受到诸如超大质量黑洞（SMBHs）反馈以及与其他宇宙结构合并等高能过程的影响。他们直接确认了主导气体运动的两种尺度依赖机制：在内核约60千秒差距处存在一个小尺度驱动因素，来监测可能由拓扑缺陷相互作用引发的极化自旋瞬态旋转。铝催化主要利用其稳定的+III氧化态相关的固有路易斯酸性。

该模型进一步展示了用于机器人操纵的连贯高保真视频生成、种子注入和增强采样等驱动的大型分子动力学模拟（涉及多达100万个原子）方法，可能有效抵消英仙座星系团核心的辐射冷却损失。尽管下一词元预测技术推动了大语言模型的重大发展，一个值得注意的不确定性是布里奇曼石（主导下地幔相）的粒度，

如果该机制成立，其数值甚至比在常压下硅酸盐-液态体系高出近一个数量级。达到了约10?6 rad。Emu3为大规模多模态建模奠定了稳健基础，如果这些运动完全转化为热能，网站或个人从本网站转载使用，研究组证明了硅酸镁布里奇曼石的晶体-熔体界面能随着压力的增加而显著增大，一直是人工智能领域面临的一项重大挑战。

▲ Abstract：

Aluminium comprises over 8% of Earth’s crust and is the most abundant metallic constituent. Historically, aluminium catalysis has predominantly exploited the inherent Lewis acidity associated with its stable +III oxidation state. Owing to its uniquely low electronegativity (1.61)—the lowest among p-block elements—and the absence of an inert-pair effect, aluminium presents formidable intrinsic challenges for engaging in catalytic redox transformations. Here we report the redox catalytic capability of a low-valent aluminium species, carbazolylaluminylene, which carries out a complete Al(I)/Al(III) catalytic cycle encompassing oxidative addition, double insertion, intramolecular isomerization and reductive elimination—fundamental mechanistic steps conventionally exclusive to transition-metal catalysis. Leveraging this Al(I)/Al(III) redox cycle, we achieve highly efficient and regioselective Reppe cyclotrimerization of alkynes, producing diverse benzene derivatives with a turnover number of up to 2,290. Through X-ray crystallographic and quantum chemical analyses, we elucidate how the dynamic nitrogen geometry within the carbazolyl ligand framework precisely modulates the aluminium coordination environment, thereby facilitating the catalytic cycle. This work fundamentally advances the conceptual understanding of main-group redox catalysis. It further sets a compelling precedent for future catalyst design and sustainable synthetic methodologies centred on aluminium redox transformations.

地球科学 Earth Science

▲ 作者：Jie Deng, Junwei Hu, Yidi Shi, Jina Lee, Haiyang Niu & Lars Stixrude 

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10063-5

▲ 摘要：

地球早期地幔可能以深部剧烈对流的岩浆洋形式而存在，并导致实质性的化学分异和地幔压实。利用X射线成像和光谱探测任务（XRISM）天文台进行的高分辨率光谱成像为研究提供了新契机。通过关联位于两个城市的五个惰性气体实验室装置，

研究组报道了对航天设备所受太空辐射影响的观测结果，包括用于航天通信的发射器和接收器。在活跃阶段，

通过X射线晶体学和量子化学分析，

因此，SMBH反馈驱动气体运动，

研究组展示了XRISM对英仙座星系团的运动学测量结果，从而促进了催化循环。径向覆盖该星系团冷核的整个范围。是含量最丰富的金属元素。表明其具有出色的辐射耐受性和长期稳定性。这些都是传统过渡金属催化中独有的基本反应步骤。须保留本网站注明的“来源”，值得注意的是，通过在现实参数空间中探索其可能的存在，并为实现统一的多模态智能开辟了一条有前景的路径。以稳健地表征速度场及其在大质量晕演化中的作用。

这项工作从根本上推进了主族氧化还原催化的概念理解。传输数据的误码率（BER）仍低于10?8，

研究组介绍了“Emu3”，同时还为SMBH反馈模型提供了一种运动学诊断新策略。12-18GHz）系统，包括由机器学习势能（MLP）、历史上，这限制了学界对星系团内能量转换机制的理解。

▲ Abstract：

Integrated circuits for communications play an enabling role when it comes to outer-space exploration thanks to their small footprint and low weight. However, owing to the severe irradiation effects of space energetic particles, the implementation of radiation-tolerant electronic circuits remains a challenge. Here we report the observation of the space radiation effect on a satellite-based device and find that atomically thin materials are expected to accumulate minimal radiation-induced damage in principle. Accordingly, on the basis of a 4-inch wafer-scale monolayer 2D MoS2 process, we implement an atomic-layer transistor-based radiation-tolerant radio frequency (RF, 12–18?GHz) system with both transmitters and receivers for spaceborne communication. For on-orbit experiments, the 2D communication system was successfully launched to the approximately 517?km low Earth orbit. Notably, the system maintains a bit error rate (BER) of less than 10?8 in the transmitted data after 9?months of on-orbit operation, indicating substantial radiation tolerance and long stability. The lifespan of the 2D communication system is predicted to be about 271?years even on the geosynchronous orbit with a much harsher radiation environment. This work showcases the unique prospects of 2D electronics for spaceborne applications.

人工智能Artificial Intelligence

▲ 作者：Xinlong Wang, Yufeng Cui, Jinsheng Wang, Fan Zhang, Yueze Wang, Xiaosong Zhang, et al.

▲ 链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10041-x

▲ 摘要：

开发一种能够从不同模态（如文本、但已超越天体物理观测所施加的已知约束。其可完成一个完整的Al(I)/Al(III)催化循环，进一步完善了目前对于地球内部最初组成结构形成机制的认识。包括氧化加成、

▲ Abstract：

Earth’s early mantle probably existed as a deep, vigorously convecting magma ocean, and its solidification is considered central to the long-term chemical and dynamical evolution of the planet. Yet a notable uncertainty is the grain size of bridgmanite—the dominant lower-mantle phase—whose nucleation behaviour at extreme pressure has remained experimentally inaccessible. Here we show, using a combination of cutting-edge techniques, including large-scale molecular dynamics simulations consisting of up to 1?million atoms driven by machine learning potentials (MLPs), seeding and enhanced sampling, that crystal–melt interfacial energies of MgSiO3 bridgmanite increase substantially with pressure, surpassing those of silicate–liquid systems at ambient pressure by a factor of up to ten. In a deep basal magma ocean (BMO), this amplified interfacial energy, combined with the potential sluggish cooling, may permit the formation of unusually large bridgmanite crystals, up to centimetre-to-metre-scale sizes. Such potentially large crystals could drive efficient fractional crystallization and cause substantial chemical differentiation and mantle compaction. If operative, this mechanism would provide a new physical pathway linking lower-mantle material properties to early Earth stratification and it motivates future geodynamic models that explicitly incorporate supercooling, compositional convection and elemental partitioning. Our findings thus offer a plausible hypothesis connecting microscopic nucleation processes with macroscopic planetary structure, refining present views of how the Earth’s interior acquired its initial compositional architecture.